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From Columbia University

References

James LS. Fond memories of Virginia Apgar. Pediatrics 1975;55:1-4.

Apgar V. A proposal for a new method of evaluation of the newborn infant. Curr Res Anesth Analg 1953;32:260-67.

Apgar V, Holday DA, James LS, Wesibrot IM. Evaluation of the newborn infant-second report. JAMA 1958;168:1985-88.

Moya FR, Clark DA. Common problems of the newborn. In: Medicine of the Fetus & Mother. (ed.) Reece EA et al. Lippincott Company. 1992;1525-59.

Bryce RL, Halperin ME, Sinclair JC. Association between indicators of perinatal asphyxia and adverse outcome in the term infant: A methodological review. Neuroepidemiology 1985;4:24-38.

Nelson KB, Ellenberg JH. Neonatal signs as predictors of cerebral palsy. Pediatrics 1979;64:225-32.

Blair E, Stanley FJ. Intrapartum asphyxia: a rare cause of cerebral palsy. J Pediatr 1988;112:515-9.

Apgar V. The newborn (Apgar) scoring system. Reflections and advice. Pediatr Clin N Am 1966;13:645-50.

Ruth VJ, Raivio KO. Perinatal brain damage: predictive value of metabolic acidosis and the Apgar score. Br Med J 1988;297:24-7.

Goldenberg RL, Huddleston JF, Nelson KG. Apgar scores and umbilical arterial pH in preterm newborn infants. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984;149:651-4.

Behnke M, Eyler FD, Carter RL, et al. Predictive value of Apgar score for developmental outcome in premature infants. Am J Perinatol 1989;6:18-21.

Silverman F, Suidan J, Wasserman J, et al. The Apgar score: is it enough? Obstet Gynecol 1985;66:331.

Is the Apgar score outmoded? Lancet 1989;1:591-92.

 

 
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